report minerali Egitto

Egyptian Minerals

Egypt is a huge Country, with a very interesting geology and a widely under-exploited mineralogical potential. It is also a difficult place for mineral exploration, because of long distances, extreme climate, lack of facilities (most of the interesting areas have no road), poor bibliography

Starting from 2004, some field trip targeted to find mineral were attempted over several areas in Egyptian Western Desert, Red Sea Coast and Sinai Peninsula.

White desert landscape. Camels are still used to carry goods and tourists

Most of the huge Western Desert area showed to be quite poor in good mineral specimens: some diagenetic sulphides xls, as well as diagenetic celestite and barite (“Desert roses”) were observed. Hydrous sulphates like alum and gypsum were also found. Karst related calcite is locally common but not worth of collecting. On the contrary the area looks to be very rich in fossils, ranging from Mesozoic to Late Tertiary in age. Petrified wood timbers are also locally widespread.


White desert mushroom	Alum outcrop area near Dakla


Shark teeth from White Desert	Barite rose - Kharga

Desert Silica Glass

In a remote area close to the Libyan border, there are bits and pebbles of natural glass. They currently seem to be related to tectites, but their nature is still debated. They were used to make tools during pre-Historic times and in Faraonic times in jewelry

Pyrite & Marcasite crystals from Farafra Oasis

The Bahareya, Qattara, Fayoum and Natrun depressions were also visited prospecting for minerals. Classical evaporitic minerals such as Halite and Gypsum were observed in most of the locations.


Red Halite from Baramous-Natrun	Gypsum from Bahareya

Brine lake in Natrun depression. In spite of the huge extension of the site, good specimens are not common

In Wadi Natrun much interesting species like trona, thenardite, burkeite, gaylussite were also found. Some of the specimens are world-class.

TRONA - Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O Trona in a mineral typical of arid regions, quite difficult to get in good collection specimens. The samples from Natrun are very good and aften associated with other intersting species such as burkeite, and thenardite
BURKEITE Na6 CO3 (SO4)2 *Burkeite in a rare mineral, quite difficult to get in nice specimens. The samples from Natrun are nice and often show nice burkeite spheres grown over thenardite and trona*
HALITE Na Cl Halite is a very common mineral, found in Natrun in very nice specimens, showing a color variable from white to pink to red. The color is due to microscopic biologic inclusion as in the California samples
THENARDITE Na2 (SO4) *Thenardite in known from several localities. These specimens are of interest both for the locality and for the interesting association with trona, halite, burkeite*

Sinai & Red Sea

The basement rock outcropping in the Eastern Desert near the Red Sea coast and in South Sinai host important granitic masses with pegmatitic filons. The metamorphic rock host Be (smaragd), W, F, Sn deposit. Cr deposits are also known in the ultramafics. The exploration on the pegmatitic pockets yielded classical smoky Quarts and feldspar.


Quartz, Orthoclase, Fluorite , Sinai	Quartz, & Albite, Sinai

The Paleozoic rock host very ancient Turquoise mines and more recent Mn works. Some minor specimens were also collected. There are still miners and goldsmiths following old techniques and style.


Mn oxides from Sinai	Raw turquoise from Serabit Mine, Sinai

by Marco Marchesini


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